This Artificial Sweetener is More Damaging to Human Health Than Aspartame
Story at a glance:
- Neotame, an artificial sweetener that’s chemically similar to aspartame, may seriously damage the human intestine and overall gut health.
- Not only did neotame cause cell death in intestinal cells but it also damaged bacteria commonly found in the gut.
- Neotame causes healthy gut bacteria to become diseased and invade the gut wall, which could lead to irritable bowel syndrome and sepsis.
- Previous research by the scientists found that other artificial sweeteners, including saccharin, sucralose and aspartame, may similarly harm the gut.
- Artificial sweeteners are also linked to additional health risks, including increased risk of Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, anxiety and mortality in adults.
Neotame, an artificial sweetener that’s chemically similar to aspartame, may seriously damage the human intestine and overall gut health.
Sometimes listed on food ingredient labels as E961, neotame is a relative newcomer to the artificial sweetener market, and despite well-known health concerns, is expected to reach a global market value of $3 billion by the end of 2025.
Neotame, developed in 2002 as an alternative to aspartame, is up to 13,000 times sweeter than sugarand is widely used in drinks, sauces, sweets, savory foods and chewing gum.
Yet, “Despite widespread global use of neotame, there are surprisingly few research studies on the biological and physiological effects of the sweetener,” researchers wrote in Frontiers in Nutrition.
The team, from Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, England, found neotame poses serious risks to gut health, including causing healthy gut bacteria to become diseased.
Neotame may damage gut microbes, leading to irritable bowel syndrome and sepsis
The in vitro study involved models of the intestinal lining (Caco-2 cells) and gut bacteria (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis) to examine the effects of neotame exposure. Not only did neotame cause cell death in intestinal cells but it also damaged bacteria commonly found in the gut.
The damage to the intestinal epithelium decreased when researchers reduced the expression of a specific taste receptor, T1R3, which suggests neotame’s impact might be linked to taste perception pathways.
As noted in an Anglia Ruskin University press release:
“The study is the first to show that neotame can cause previously healthy gut bacteria to become diseased and invade the gut wall — potentially leading to health issues including irritable bowel syndrome and sepsis — and also cause a breakdown of the epithelial barrier, which forms part of the gut wall.”
Neotame also disrupted the intestinal barrier, leading to increased leakage and decreased presence of claudin-3, a protein important for cell binding, again through a T1R3-dependent mechanism.
In experiments involving gut bacteria, neotame increased harmful biofilm formation, which further reduced the viability of the intestinal lining, and increased the ability of E. coli and E. faecalis to stick to and invade intestinal cells.
According to study author Havovi Chichger, associate professor in biomedical science at Anglia Ruskin University, “When bacteria form a biofilm, they cluster together as a protective mechanism which makes them more resistant to antibiotics. Our study also shows that neotame increases the ability of the E coli to invade and kill human gut cells.”
What’s more, even consuming small amounts of neotame could be toxic.
Chichger said:
“Even when we studied neotame at very low concentrations, 10 times lower than the acceptable daily intake, we saw the breakdown of the gut barrier and a shift in bacteria to a more damaging behavior, including increased invasion of healthy gut cells leading to cell death. This can be linked to issues such as irritable bowel diseases and sepsis.”
Aspartame, sucralose may also damage your gut
Previous research by the scientists found that other artificial sweeteners, including saccharin, sucralose and aspartame, may similarly harm the gut.
Chichger explained:
“There is now growing awareness of the health impacts of sweeteners such as saccharin, sucralose and aspartame, with our own previous work demonstrating the problems they can cause to the wall of the intestine and the damage to the ‘good bacteria’ which form in our gut.
“This can lead to a range of potential health issues including diarrhea, intestinal inflammation, and even infections such as septicemia if the bacteria were to enter the blood stream.
“Therefore, it is important to also study sweeteners that have been introduced more recently and our new research demonstrates that neotame causes similar problems, including gut bacteria becoming diseased.
“Understanding the impact of these pathogenic changes occurring in the gut microbiota is vital.
“Our findings also demonstrate the need to better understand common food additives more widely and the molecular mechanisms underlying potential negative health impacts.”
In 2022, a study published in Microorganisms also revealed that consuming sucralose — in “amounts, far lower than the suggested ADI [acceptable daily intake]” — for just 10 weeks was enough to induce gut dysbiosis and altered glucose and insulin levels in healthy, young adults.
The bacteria most affected by sucralose appeared to belong primarily to the phylum Firmicutes, which are centrally involved in glucose and insulin metabolism.
However, it doesn’t end there. Animal studies suggest the sucralose-altered gut microbiome may be involved in inflammation of the gut and liver, as well as cancer.
According to the Microorganisms study researchers:
“A study in mice showed that sucralose ingestion for six weeks increases the relative abundance of bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes, such as Clostridium symbiosum and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius.
“Notably, sucralose-induced intestinal dysbiosis also appeared to aggravate azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer in these animals.
“Likewise, sucralose ingestion resulted in gut dysbiosis and pronounced proteomic changes in the liver of mice, where most of the overexpressed proteins related to enhanced hepatic inflammation.”
Artificial sweeteners interfere with normal activity of gut bacteria
Researchers are only beginning to tap the surface when it comes to unveiling the complex relationship microbes have with human health and disease.
However, gut microbes’ effects don’t only apply to your gastrointestinal tract. They interact with your central nervous system via the microbiota-gut-brain axis, a two-way information highway that involves neural, immune, endocrine and metabolic pathways.
In short, if you value your overall health, tending to your gut health is key — and this includes avoiding artificial sweeteners.
Yet another study, this one published in the journal Molecules, found multiple artificial sweeteners approved and deemed safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cause DNA damage in, and interfere with the normal and healthy activity of, gut bacteria.
The artificial sweeteners included in this study included:
The researchers concluded that all of these sweeteners “had a toxic, stressing effect, making it difficult for gut microbes to grow and reproduce.”
The effects on your gut health may in turn affect your body’s ability to process regular sugar and other carbohydrates. According to this study, the toxic limit for these artificial sweeteners appears to be around 1 milligram per milliliter (mg/mL).
Ariel Kushmaro, Ph.D., professor of microbial biotechnology at Ben-Gurion University and lead study author, told Business Insider, “We are not claiming that it’s toxic to human beings. We’re claiming that it might be toxic to the gut bacteria, and by that, will influence us.”
Specific damage caused by the artificial sweeteners included:
- Saccharin caused the greatest, most widespread damage, exhibiting both cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, meaning it is toxic to cells and damages genetic information in the cell (which can cause mutations).
- Neotame was found to cause metabolic disruption in mice and raised concentrations of several fatty acids, lipids and cholesterol. Several gut genes were also decreased by this artificial sweetener.
- Aspartame and acesulfame potassium-k — The latter of which is commonly found in sports supplements — were both found to cause DNA damage.
Artificial sweeteners may also harm your brain
The authors of the featured Frontiers in Nutrition study pointed out that the negative effects of neotame on the “epithelium-microbiota relationship in the gut have the potential to influence a range of gut functions resulting in poor gut health which impacts a range of conditions including metabolic and inflammatory diseases, neuropathic pain, and neurological conditions.”
Neotame’s relative aspartame is among the artificial sweeteners that are particularly noted for its neurotoxicity.
When you consume aspartame, it’s broken down into aspartic acid, phenylalanine — a precursor of monoamine neurotransmitters — and methanol, which may have “potent” effects on your central nervous system, Florida State University College of Medicine researchers noted.
Their study, published in PNAS, linked aspartame consumption to anxiety and, worse yet, found that mental health changes were passed on to future generations.
The FDA’s recommended maximum daily intake value for aspartame is 50 milligrams per kilogram. The Florida State University study involved mice drinking water that contained aspartame at a dosage of approximately 15% of the FDA’s maximum daily intake for humans.
The dose was equivalent to a human drinking six to eight 8-ounce cans of diet soda daily. The mice consumed the aspartame-laced water for 12 weeks, which led to “robust, dose-dependent anxiety.”
“It was such a robust anxiety-like trait that I don’t think any of us were anticipating we would see,” study author Sara Jones said. “It was completely unexpected. Usually you see subtle changes.”
WHO advises against artificial sweeteners for weight loss
Many believe they’re doing their health a favor by swapping out sugar for artificial sweeteners, but the opposite is true. Even the World Health Organization (WHO) advises against using these synthetic sweeteners for weight loss.
A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by WHO revealed “there is no clear consensus on whether non-sugar sweeteners are effective for long-term weight loss or maintenance, or if they are linked to other long-term health effects at intakes within the ADI.”
In May 2023, WHO took it a step further, releasing a new guideline that advises people not to use non-sugar sweeteners (NSS) for weight control because they don’t offer any long-term benefit in reducing body fat in adults or children.
Francesco Branca, WHO director for nutrition and food safety, said in a news release:
“Replacing free sugars with NSS does not help with weight control in the long term. People need to consider other ways to reduce free sugars intake, such as consuming food with naturally occurring sugars, like fruit, or unsweetened food and beverages.
“NSS are not essential dietary factors and have no nutritional value. People should reduce the sweetness of the diet altogether, starting early in life, to improve their health.”
WHO’s systematic review also revealed “potential undesirable effects from long-term use of NSS, such as an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and mortality in adults.”
The recommendation applies not only to aspartame but also to other artificial sweeteners, including acesulfame K, advantame, cyclamates, neotame, saccharin and sucralose.
A 2022 population-based cohort study published in PLOS Medicine, which involved 102,865 adults, also revealed artificial sweeteners — especially aspartame and acesulfame-K — were associated with increased cancer risk, including breast cancer and obesity-related cancers.
How to give up artificial sweeteners
If you’re hooked on artificial sweeteners but want to ditch them to protect your health, the video below shows how to use the Emotional Freedom Techniques, a psychological acupressure tool, when you feel a craving coming on. It can help you overcome the urge to consume a poisonous artificial sweetener.
Other natural craving-busters include sour foods like fermented vegetables or water with lemon juice. When you feel the urge to eat something artificially sweet, grab a glass of water or tea with citrus juice added for a much healthier treat.
You can also try eating a piece of fruit, many of which are naturally sweet and can be a great substitute for sweet cravings.
You should also become vigilant about reading ingredient lists on food and beverage packaging.
Artificial sweeteners are not only in diet sodas and sugar-free products but can also be found in foods you might not expect, including yogurts, breakfast cereals, condiments and snack foods.
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Poland: 55-Year-Old Ukrainian Man Charged With Sexual Crimes Against Teenage Girls
A 55-year-old Ukrainian man, Oleksandr M., who is a resident of the Czluchów district in the Pomerania region, is facing serious charges of sexual crimes against minors in Poland. According to local newspaper Czas Chojnic, the man was linked to two sexual offenses involving teenage girls, aged 14 and 15, which occurred between 2022 and 2023.
The Regional Prosecutor’s Office in Chojnice filed an indictment against him in November 2023, accusing him of a sexual offense in the Brusy commune. It was established that in May 2023, he threatened a 14-year-old girl from the Chojnice district and forced her to engage in a sexual act. Oleksandr M. was an economic immigrant working in a nearby town.
During questioning, the man did not admit to the charges against him. However, the prosecutor’s office rejected his explanations, deeming them an attempt to evade criminal responsibility.
It was later revealed that a year earlier, in August 2022, Oleksandr M. had committed a similar offense in Złotów, Greater Poland, threatening a 15-year-old girl with a dangerous object.
The perpetrator’s identity was established through modern investigative techniques and evidence secured at the scene, including genetic material, which unequivocally pointed to Oleksandr M. He was already in custody in the Pomeranian voivodeship in connection with another sexual offense when he was charged with this additional crime in early June.
Under the criminal code, the man could face up to eight years in prison. Since Oct. 1, the minimum sentence for raping a minor is five years in prison, with the possibility of a life sentence. The accused remains in custody in Słupsk.
The Kresy.pl news outlet, which reported this story, noted that the original article did not specify the nationality of Oleksandr M., although his name clearly indicates that he is from Ukraine.
CDC Walks Back Recommendations for RSV Vaccines
U.S. health officials on Wednesday changed their recommendations for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines in older adults, narrowing the recommended age group for the shots to adults 75 and older.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) also recommended that among people ages 60 to 74, only those who have an increased risk of severe RSV due to medical conditions should get the shot.
The recommendations replace the previous recommendation that all adults 60 and older may take the shot after consulting with their provider.
The committee also recommended that adults who already received an RSV shot should not receive any type of booster, based on data showing an additional shot did not improve RSV-related outcomes.
ACIP members declined to recommend GSK’s Arexvy RSV vaccine for people ages 50 to 59 at risk for severe RSV, even though the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in June expanded Arexvy’s approval to include that group.
“You shouldn’t vaccinate people who really don’t need the vaccine,” committee member Dr. Oliver Brooks told the group.
The new recommendations may cut the possible U.S. market for RSV shots in 2024-25 from $93 million to about $55 million, Reuters reported.
CDC Director Mandy Cohen accepted the committee’s recommendations, making it the government’s updated guidance for doctors.
Growing evidence of RSV vaccine injuries
Before voting on the changes, the committee discussed the growing evidence of adverse events associated with the RSV vaccine, including the documented risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).
GBS is a rare disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks its own nerves. Symptoms can range from brief weakness to paralysis.
ACIP’s Dr. Matthew Daley assured other committee members that GBS is rare.
However, Children Health Defense research scientist Karl Jablonowski, Ph.D., who provided ongoing commentary on the meeting on CHD.TV’s live blog, noted that the presenter was “dancing around the fact that incidence of GBS for RSV is 1 one 47,500, [in data presented] where even for the COVID-19vaccines it was 1 in 700,000.”
Dr. Michael Melgar, co-lead of the Adult RSV Work Group, said the benefits of the shots still outweigh the risks.
There are currently three FDA-approved RSV vaccines on the market. Last year GSK’s (Arexvy) and Pfizer’s (Abrysvo) RSV prefusion F protein-based vaccines were approved by the FDA for adults ages 60 and up, and the two companies have been competing for market share.
The FDA approved Moderna’s mRNA RSV vaccine (mRESVIA) earlier this month for the same age group, with no input from its advisory committee.
James Donahue, DVM, Ph.D., MPH, of the Marshfield Clinic Research Institute in Wisconsin also presented recent surveillance data from the CDC’s Vaccine Safety Datalink analysis revealing a safety signal for immune thrombocytopenic purpura — an illness that can lead to bleeding and bruising — with the GSK RSV vaccine.
Eliminating the shared clinical decision-making model
The new recommendations eliminate the “shared clinical decision-making” model, where a provider and patient work together to determine what healthcare decision is best for the patient based on a person’s individualized risk factors, values and preferences.
The model, a key element for the practice of personalized medicine, is in place for four other adult vaccines.
The committee said the model was difficult and confusing to implement and a universal recommendation is simpler.
Dr. Camille Kotton, chair of the Adult RSV Work Group, said, “We have learned from feedback from healthcare providers that having shared decision-making conversations is not simple,” she said. “Unlike a universal recommendation where there’s a clear call to vaccinate, with shared clinical decision-making the call to action is to discuss with a healthcare provider — a less clear message.”
NBC News said the shared decision-making model is “a likely reason that fewer than 25% of older Americans have gotten a shot.”
Jablonowski told The Defender that in its original recommendation, the committee used shared decision-making as “an escape.” Because there weren’t enough data to support a recommendation for universal vaccination, the committee put the responsibility on the physicians, he said.
Now that they have more data, they are taking the decision out of the hands of the patient and provider, he said.
“The presenter summarized shared clinical decision-making as inconvenient and less clear than a standing recommendation,” Jablonowski blogged. Shared clinical decision-making “is a cornerstone of personalized medicine. US taxpayers have spent billions, probably hundreds of billions of dollars on personalized medicine research. She is really arguing that personalized medicine does not apply to vaccinations.”
In Thursday’s meeting, the CDC’s Lakshmi Panagiotakopoulos, M.D., MPH, also criticized the model while discussing the COVID-19 vaccines. “Shared clinical decision-making would create barriers to vaccination, may not effectively target those higher at risk, and would likely increase inequities in vaccine access,” she said.
Committee member Denise Jamieson, M.D., MPH, also expressed her concern that not enough providers would recommend optional vaccines strongly unless there were universal recommendations.
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